1️⃣ Islamic Rituals Borrowed from Pre-Islamic Arabian Paganism

Before Muhammad, the Arabs already had religious customs, many of which Islam kept with modifications:

🔹 Hajj (Pilgrimage to the Kaaba)

• The Kaaba was a pagan shrine housing idols before Islam.

• Pagan Arabs circumambulated (walked around) the Kaaba just as Muslims do today.

• The Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) was venerated by pagans, and Muhammad continued the tradition.

• Running between Safa and Marwa was originally a pagan practice.

🔹 Fasting

• Pagan Arabs fasted on certain days for religious purposes.

• The Ashura fast (10th of Muharram) was practiced by Jewish and pagan Arabs before Muhammad.

• Ramadan was introduced, but fasting itself was not new.

🔹 The Five Daily Prayers (Salah)

• Pre-Islamic Arabs performed prayer rituals at fixed times of the day.

• The number of prayers varied before being standardized in Islam.

• Prostration (sujood) was also practiced in Arabian paganism and other religions.

🔹 Crescent Moon Symbol

• The crescent moon is commonly associated with Islam today, but it was a symbol of Arabian moon worship before Islam.

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2️⃣ Practices Borrowed from Judaism and Christianity

Islam also absorbed practices from Jewish and Christian traditions:

🔹 Dietary Laws (Halal & Kosher Similarities)

• Islam’s dietary laws closely resemble Jewish kosher laws (e.g., no pork, blood, or carrion).

• Slaughtering animals in a specific way (Zabiha) is nearly identical to Jewish Shechita.

🔹 Circumcision

• Circumcision was practiced by Jews and Christians before Islam.

• The Quran does not explicitly command it, but it became a mandatory Islamic practice due to Jewish influence.

🔹 Wudu (Ablution Before Prayer)

• Jews had ritual washing (Mikvah) before prayers, and Islam adopted similar ablution (wudu and ghusl).

🔹 Satan’s Role & The Story of Adam and Eve

• Islamic stories about Iblis (Satan) refusing to bow to Adam come from Jewish and Christian sources.

• The idea of Adam’s fall and expulsion from paradise was taken from earlier traditions.

🔹 The Concept of Hell & Paradise

• Islamic descriptions of Heaven and Hell closely resemble Christian and Zoroastrian ideas.

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3️⃣ Influence from Zoroastrianism (Persian Religion)

Persian Zoroastrianism had a significant influence on early Islamic beliefs, especially during the Abbasid period:

🔹 Angels & Jinn

• Zoroastrians believed in good spirits (Ahura Mazda’s angels) and evil spirits (Ahriman’s demons).

• Islam developed a dualistic struggle between Allah’s angels and Iblis’s jinn.

🔹 The Afterlife (Heaven & Hellfire)

• The Quran’s descriptions of a bridge over Hellfire (As-Sirat) are nearly identical to the Zoroastrian Chinvat Bridge.

• Good deeds vs. bad deeds being weighed on a scale is also found in Zoroastrian teachings.

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📌 Conclusion: Islam is a Mixture of Earlier Religious Ideas

✔️ Islam borrowed many practices from Arabian paganism, Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism.
✔️ The claim that Islam introduced a completely original religion is false.
✔️ If Islam were pure divine revelation, it should not have so many pre-existing elements from other faiths.

So, instead of being a brand-new religion, Islam looks more like a modified version of older traditions.